Poul Henningsen ceiling lamp

This rare and early PH 4½ pendant lamp was designed by Poul Henningsen and produced by Louis Poulsen in Denmark during the 1930s. Executed in copper, the lamp is an important example of Henningsen’s pioneering work in glare-free lighting, developed through his systematic studies of reflection, diffusion, and human visual comfort. The PH series became one of the most influential lighting systems of the 20th century, representing a functionalist approach where form is determined directly by optical performance.

The lamp is constructed with Henningsen’s characteristic multi-shade configuration, here composed of a wide circular upper shade combined with a secondary curved inner shade and a cylindrical lower element. The proportions create a stepped profile that visually reads as both technical and sculptural. The copper surfaces display a rich reddish-brown tone with pronounced natural patina, including darker oxidation marks, small scratches, and tonal variation across the spun metal. The interior surfaces reflect a warm glow when illuminated, enhancing the copper’s characteristic depth and coloration.

The upper shade is slightly domed with a wide overhang, controlling direct downward light while reflecting it onto the inner elements. The smaller shade beneath functions as a diffuser and reflector, softening the light distribution and reducing glare. The cylindrical lower section adds additional shielding and directs the light downward in a controlled and balanced field. The suspension is executed with a darkened metal socket housing and a long cord, contributing to the industrial character typical of early Louis Poulsen production.

Poul Henningsen is widely regarded as one of Denmark’s most significant designers and lighting theorists. His work was deeply connected to the cultural ideals of the interwar period, where functionalism, social reform, and technological progress were closely linked. Henningsen’s lamp designs were based on mathematical principles and experimental testing, and the PH system became a cornerstone of Scandinavian lighting design, emphasizing visual comfort rather than decorative effect.

Louis Poulsen was the primary manufacturer of Henningsen’s lighting designs and played a central role in establishing Danish modern lighting internationally. The company’s early production in copper is particularly associated with the pre-war period, when materials were chosen for durability and technical suitability as well as visual warmth. This example is marked as patented, consistent with the early manufacturing history of the PH system.

The lamp is in good vintage condition with clear signs of age and use. The copper has developed a strong patina with oxidation, surface wear, and minor marks consistent with decades of handling and exposure. These changes are typical for early copper lighting fixtures and contribute to the authenticity and historical presence of the piece.

Dimensions: 45 cm diameter and 36 cm height (17.72 in Ø, 14.17 in height). Total drop height is approximately 130 cm (51.18 in) and can be adjusted.